ARTEMIS: An alarm threshold and policy mining system for the intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: Alarm fatigue is a major technology-induced hazard for patients and staff in intensive care units. Too many - mostly unnecessary - alarms cause desensitisation and lack of response in medical staff. Unsuitable alarm policies are one reason for alarm fatigue. But changing alarm policies is a delicate issue since it concerns patient safety. OBJECTIVE: We present ARTEMIS, a novel, computer-aided clinical decision support system for policy makers that can help to considerably improve alarm policies using data from hospital information systems. METHODS: Policy makers can use different policy components from ARTEMIS' internal library to assemble tailor-made alarm policies for their intensive care units. Alternatively, policy makers can provide even more highly customised policy components as Python functions using data the hospital information systems. This can even include machine learning models - for example for setting alarm thresholds. Finally, policy makers can evaluate their system of policies and compare the resulting alarm loads. RESULTS: ARTEMIS reports and compares numbers of alarms caused by different alarm policies for an easily adaptable target population. ARTEMIS can compare policies side-by-side and provides grid comparisons and heat maps for parameter optimisation. For example, we found that the utility of alarm delays varies based on target population. Furthermore, policy makers can introduce virtual parameters that are not in the original data by providing a formula to compute them. Virtual parameters help measuring and alarming on the right metric, even if the patient monitors do not directly measure this metric. CONCLUSION: ARTEMIS does not release the policy maker from assessing the policy from a medical standpoint. But as a knowledge discovery and clinical decision support system, it provides a strong quantitative foundation for medical decisions. At comparatively low cost of implementation, ARTEMIS can have a substantial impact on patients and staff alike - with organisational, economic, and clinical benefits for the implementing hospital.

Unscheduled Emergency Department Revisits Within 48 Hours of Discharge.

This study aimed to analyze early revisits (within 48 hours of discharge) in an Emergency Department. Among the 178,295 visits, 11,686 were revisits, resulting in a rate of 6.55% (95%CI 6.43-6.67). A total of 1,410 revisits required hospitalization, and 252 were due to preventable errors (17.87%). These errors were mainly related to an inadequate therapeutic plan at discharge (47.22%), an incomplete diagnostic process (29.37%), and misdiagnoses (13.10%). These findings represent a technology-enabled clinical audit tool. Electronic Healthcare Records have the potential to: provide quality metrics of hospital performance, help to keep revisit rates updated (assessment through a real-time dashboard), and improve clinical management (by transparency initiatives about errors, and a supportive learning environment regarding lessons learned).

Designing a comprehensive minimum dataset for patients with COVID-19 in Iranian hospital information systems.

BACKGROUND: The Minimum Data Set (MDS) plays a vital role in data exchange, collection and quality improvement. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for a tailored MDS that aligns with the specific information needs of the Iranian community and integrates seamlessly into the country's Hospital Information Systems (HIS). OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to develop a comprehensive MDS for COVID-19 patients in Iran, with objectives to identify essential data elements and integrate the MDS into HIS, enhancing data exchange and supporting decision-making. METHOD: This study employed a comparative-descriptive approach to design COVID-19 patient data elements based on World Health Organisation and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. The Delphi technique involved 35 experts in two rounds for checklist refinement. The finalised MDS consisted of 9 main terms and 80 sub-terms, analysed using descriptive statistics and IBM SPSS software. RESULTS: Of 35 experts involved with the study, 69% were male and 31% female, and Health Information Management experts were the majority (34%). The refined MDS for COVID-19 in Iran comprises 50 data elements, while 30 elements were excluded. The MDS includes 8 main terms and 80 sub-terms, with unanimous approval for identity, underlying disease, and treatment sections. CONCLUSION: The customised MDS for COVID-19 patients in Iran addresses data collection challenges and supports effective disease prevention and management. By providing comprehensive and reliable information, the MDS enhances healthcare quality, facilitates timely access to medical records, and fosters integrated health services.

Adverse drug reactions in hospitals: population estimates for Portugal and the ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM crosswalk.

BACKGROUND: Adverse drug reactions (ADR), both preventable and non-preventable, are frequent and pose a significant burden. This study aimed to produce up-to-date estimates for ADR rates in hospitals, in Portugal, from 2010 to 2018. In addition, it explores possible pitfalls when crosswalking between ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM code sets for ADR identification. METHODS: The Portuguese Hospital Morbidity Database was used to identify hospital episodes (outpatient or inpatient) with at least one ICD code of ADR. Since the study period spanned from 2010 to 2018, both ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes based on previously published studies were used to define episodes. This was an exploratory study, and descriptive statistics were used to provide ADR rates and summarise episode features for the full period (2010-2018) as well as for the ICD-9-CM (2010-2016) and ICD -10-CM (2017-2018) eras. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2018, ADR occurred in 162,985 hospital episodes, corresponding to 1.00% of the total number of episodes during the same period. Higher rates were seen in the oldest age groups. In the same period, the mean annual rate of episodes related to ADR was 174.2/100,000 population. The episode rate (per 100,000 population) was generally higher in males, except in young adults (aged '15-20', '25-30' and '30-35' years), although the overall frequency of ADR in hospital episodes was higher in females. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the ICD-10-CM transition, administrative health data in Portugal remain a feasible source for producing up-to-date estimates on ADR in hospitals. There is a need for future research to identify target recipients for preventive interventions and improve medication safety practices in Portugal.

Implementing Clinical Information Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: Report and Lessons Learned From the MatLook Project in Cameroon.

BACKGROUND: Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH), located in the capital of Cameroon, is one of the leading referral hospitals in Cameroon. The hospital has several departments, including the Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics (hereinafter referred to as "the Maternity"). This clinical department has faced numerous problems with clinical information management, including the lack of high-quality and reliable clinical information, lack of access to this information, and poor use of this information. OBJECTIVE: We aim to improve the management of clinical information generated at the Maternity at YCH and to describe the challenges, success factors, and lessons learned during its implementation and use. METHODS: Based on an open-source hospital information system (HIS), this intervention implemented a clinical information system (CIS) at the Maternity at YCH and was carried out using the HERMES model-the first part aimed to cover outpatient consultations, billing, and cash management of the Maternity. Geneva University Hospitals supported this project, and several outcomes were measured at the end. The following outcomes were assessed: project management, technical and organizational aspects, leadership, change management, user training, and system use. IMPLEMENTATION (RESULTS): The first part of the project was completed, and the CIS was deployed in the Maternity at YCH. The main technical activities were adapting the open-source HIS to manage outpatient consultations and develop integrated billing and cash management software. In addition to technical aspects, we implemented several other activities. They consisted of the implementation of appropriate project governance or management, improvement of the organizational processes at the Maternity, promotion of the local digital health leadership and performance of change management, and implementation of the training and support of users. Despite barriers encountered during the project, the 6-month evaluation showed that the CIS was effectively used during the first 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the HIS or CIS is feasible in a resource-limited setting such as Cameroon. The CIS was implemented based on good practices at the Maternity at YCH. This project had successes but also many challenges. Beyond project management and technical and financial aspects, the other main problems of implementing health information systems or HISs in Africa lie in digital health leadership, governance, and change management. This digital health leadership, governance, and change management should prioritize data as a tool for improving productivity and managing health institutions, and promote a data culture among health professionals to support a change in mindset and the acquisition of information management skills. Moreover, in countries with a highly centralized political system like ours, a high-level strategic and political anchor for such projects is often necessary to guarantee their success.

Implementing AI Models for Prognostic Predictions in High-Risk Burn Patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Burn injuries range from minor medical issues to severe, life-threatening conditions. The severity and location of the burn dictate its treatment; while minor burns might be treatable at home, severe burns necessitate medical intervention, sometimes in specialized burn centers with extended follow-up care. This study aims to leverage artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) to forecast potential adverse effects in burn patients. METHODS: This retrospective analysis considered burn patients admitted to Chi Mei Medical Center from 2010 to 2019. The study employed 14 features, comprising supplementary information like prior comorbidities and laboratory results, for building models for predicting graft surgery, a prolonged hospital stay, and overall adverse effects. Overall, 70% of the data set trained the AI models, with the remaining 30% reserved for testing. Three ML algorithms of random forest, LightGBM, and logistic regression were employed with evaluation metrics of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS: In this research, out of 224 patients assessed, the random forest model yielded the highest AUC for predictions related to prolonged hospital stays (>14 days) at 81.1%, followed by the XGBoost (79.9%) and LightGBM (79.5%) models. Besides, the random forest model of the need for a skin graft showed the highest AUC (78.8%), while the random forest model and XGBoost model of the occurrence of adverse complications both demonstrated the highest AUC (87.2%) as well. Based on the best models with the highest AUC values, an AI prediction system is designed and integrated into hospital information systems to assist physicians in the decision-making process. CONCLUSIONS: AI techniques showcased exceptional capabilities for predicting a prolonged hospital stay, the need for a skin graft, and the occurrence of overall adverse complications for burn patients. The insights from our study fuel optimism for the inception of a novel predictive model that can seamlessly meld with hospital information systems, enhancing clinical decisions and bolstering physician-patient dialogues.

Calidad del registro de la historia clínica: autocrítica desde los médicos internistas

Objetivo: Describir la reflexión autocrítica que médicos especialistas en medicina interna hacen de la calidad del registro de la información en la historia clínica electrónica, en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo que aplicó técnicas de la teoría fundamentada, con entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad a quince médicos internistas de un hospital de alta complejidad en Medellín, Colombia. El análisis partió de una conceptualización con codificación abierta y, luego, se hizo la agrupación de códigos en categorías descriptivas. Se identificaron propiedades y dimensiones que fueron relacionadas mediante la codificación axial con la matriz del paradigma de la teoría fundamentada, que permitió la emergencia de una categoría más abstracta. Resultados: Los entrevistados manifestaron que la historia clínica guarda información fundamental e invaluable, que contribuye al mejoramiento de la sa¬lud de los pacientes. Relacionaron la calidad del diligenciamiento de la historia clínica con un contexto regulatorio nacional, el cual tiene exigencias administrativas y financieras que ejercen presión de requerimientos externos a la clínica sobre su diligenciamiento. Se reconoce la influencia de la cultura digital y del inmediatismo, debilidades en la formación del diligenciamiento de la historia clínica tanto en pregrado y posgrado. Lo anterior distancia al médico del paciente, genera desmotivación en el ejercicio de su profesión y facilita cometer errores. Conclusiones: Existe una contradicción entre el "deber ser" del diligenciamiento con calidad de la historia clínica y lo que sucede en la práctica, pues su intencionalidad original de ser una herramienta al servicio de la asistencia clínica se desvirtúa, al privilegiar el haberse convertido en un instrumento que responde a otros factores externos del sistema de salud del país.

Objective: to describe the self-critical reflection that internal medicine specialists make on the quality of the information recorded in the electronic medical record in a high complexity hospital. Methodology: qualitative study that applied Grounded Theory techniques, with semi-structured in-depth interviews to fifteen internists of the Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital in Colombia. The analysis was based on a conceptualization with open coding and then grouping of codes into descriptive categories. Properties and dimensions were identified and related through axial coding with the matrix of the Grounded Theory paradigm, which allowed the emergence of a more abstract category. Results: the interviewees informed the medical records keeps invaluable and fundamental information which contributes to the improvement of patient ́s health. They related the quality of medical records fill out with a national regulatory context, which has administrative and financial challenges that demands external pressure over the completion requirements in the medical assistance. The influence of digital culture and immediacy and insufficiencies skills in undergraduate and postgraduate medical training for a comprehensive fill out medical records, are recognized. The above distances the physician from the patient, generates demotivation in the practice of his profession and makes it easier to make mistakes. Conclusions: there is a contradiction between the "should be" of the quality of the medical records and what happens in practice, since its original intention of being a tool at the service of clinical care is distorted, as it has become a tool that responds to other external factors to the National health system.

Objetivo: Descrever a reflexão autocrítica que os médicos especialistas em medicina interna fazem sobre a qualidade da informação registrada no prontuário eletrônico do Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo que aplicou técnicas de teoria fundamentada, com entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade com quinze internos de um hospital de alta complexidade em Medellín, Colômbia. A análise partiu de uma conceituação com codificação aberta e, em seguida, foi feito o agrupamento dos códigos em categorias descritivas. Foram identificadas propriedades e dimensões que se relacionaram por meio da codificação axial com a matriz do paradigma da teoria fundamentada, o que permitiu o surgimento de uma categoria mais abstrata. Resultados: Os entrevistados relacionaram a qualidade do preenchimento da história clínica com um contexto regulatório que impõe exigências administrativas e financeiras que exercem pressão de exigências externas à clínica no seu preenchimento. Reconhece-se a influência da cultura digital e do imediatismo, as insuficiências na formação médica graduada e pós-graduada e as limitações dos médicos nas habilidades de comunicação. Isso distancia o médico do paciente, gera desmotivação no exercício de sua profissão e facilita erros. Conclusões: Existe uma contradição entre o "deveria ser" de preencher a anamnese com qualidade e o que ocorre na prática, pois sua intenção original de ser uma ferramenta a serviço do atendimento clínico é desvirtuada, ao privilegiar ter se tornado um instrumento que responde a outros fatores externos ao ato médico e às exigências administrativas do sistema de saúde.

Designing a minimum data set of laboratory data for the electronic summary sheet of pediatric ward in Iran: A cross-sectional study.

Background and Aim: Iranian hospitals are provided with hospital information systems (HISs) from different vendors, which make it hardly possible to summarize laboratory data in an consistent manner. Therefore, there is a need to design a minimum data set of laboratory data that will define standard criteria and reduce potential medical errors. The purpose of this study was to design a minimum data set (MDS) of laboratory data for an electronic summary sheet to be used in the pediatric ward of Iranian hospitals. Methods: This study consists of three phases. In the first phase, out of 3997 medical records from the pediatric ward, 604 summary sheets were chosen as sample. The laboratory data of these sheets were examined and the recorded tests were categorized. In the second phase, based on the types of diagnosis we developed a list of tests. Then we asked the physicians of the ward to select which ones should be documented for each patient's diagnosis. In the third phase, the tests that were reported in 21%-80% of the records, and were verified by the same percentage of physicians, were evaluated by the experts' panel. Results: In the first phase, 10,224 laboratory data were extracted. Of these, 144 data elements reported in more than 80% of the records, and more than 80% of experts approved them to be included in the MDS for patients' summary sheet. After data elements were investigated in the experts' panel, 292 items were chosen for the final list of the data set. Conclusions: This MDS was designed such that, if implemented in hospital information systems, it could automatically enable registering data in the summary sheet when patient's diagnosis is registered.

Continuity of Patient Information to Palliative Care.

The purpose of this study was to describe the sharing of knowledge and information to palliative care in terms of information content, information structure and information quality by means of Advance Care Planning (ACP). This study used a descriptive qualitative study design. Purposively selected nurses, physicians and social workers working in palliative care in Finland took part in thematic interviews in five hospitals in three hospital districts in 2019. The data (n = 33) were analyzed by means of content analysis. The results demonstrate the evidence-based practices of ACP in terms of information content, structure and quality. The results of this study can be utilized in the development of sharing knowledge and information and as the basis in the development of an ACP instrument.

The Reasons for Physicians and Pharmacists' Acceptance of Clinical Support Systems in Saudi Arabia.

This research aims to identify the technological and non-technological factors influencing user acceptance of the CDSS in a group of healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia. The study proposes an integrated model that indicates the factors to be considered when designing and evaluating CDSS. This model is developed by integrating factors from the "Fit between Individuals, Task, and Technology" (FITT) framework into the three domains of the human, organization, and technology-fit (HOT-fit) model. The resulting FITT-HOT-fit integrated model was tested using a quantitative approach to evaluate the currently implemented CDSS as a part of Hospital Information System BESTCare 2.0 in the Saudi Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. For data collection, a survey questionnaire was conducted at all Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs hospitals. Then, the collected survey data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This analysis included measurement instrument reliability, discriminant validity, convergent validity, and hypothesis testing. Moreover, a CDSS usage data sample was extracted from the data warehouse to be analyzed as an additional data source. The results of the hypotheses test show that usability, availability, and medical history accessibility are critical factors influencing user acceptance of CDSS. This study provides prudence about healthcare facilities and their higher management to adopt CDSS.

Utilidade do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar na vigilância da mortalidade materna no Brasil / Usefulness of the Hospital Information System for maternal mortality surveillance in Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade dos registros hospitalares (SIH) em adicionar informações úteis e complementares ao Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) no entendimento da mortalidade materna. Calcular e comparar a Razão de Mortalidade Materna (RMM) hospitalar e a RMM do SIM dos óbitos maternos ocorridos em hospitais, por faixa etária e por região, para demonstrar diferenças entre os grupos e avaliar a cobertura de óbitos maternos do SIM em relação ao SIH. Métodos: As internações obstétricas foram definidas com base em três critérios (códigos da 10a Revisão da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde — CID-10 nos diagnósticos; procedimentos; cobrança de parto). As RMM hospitalar e do SIM foram calculadas dividindo-se os óbitos maternos ocorridos nos hospitais conveniados ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) pelos nascidos vivos (Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos — SINASC) desses estabelecimentos. Resultados: Em 2019, identificamos 2.497.957 registros de internações obstétricas, 0,04% (946) com óbito hospitalar. Os três critérios localizaram 98% das internações obstétricas e 83% das internações com óbitos, revelando inconsistências entre diagnósticos e procedimentos. A comparação entre a RMM do SIH (45,5, intervalo de confiança — IC95%, 42,7-48,5) e a do SIM (49,7, IC95%, 46,7-52,8) não foi estatisticamente significante (p-valor 0,053). Conclusão: A análise do SIH foi capaz de prover informações adicionais ao monitoramento e vigilância da saúde materna no Brasil. Embora haja diferenças entre as RMM, o SIH como sistema de informação complementar ao SIM pode ser válido nos estudos sobre mortalidade e morbidade materna.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the capability of hospital records in the Hospital Information System (SIH) to add valuable and complementary information to the Mortality Information System (SIM) in studies on maternal mortality. We calculated and compared the maternal mortality ratio from the SIH and SIM databases, by age group and region, to highlight differences between groups and assess the coverage of maternal deaths using SIH compared with SIM. Methods: Obstetric hospitalizations were defined based on three sources (codes ICD-10 in diagnoses; procedures; billing information). Hospital and SIM mortality ratios were calculated by dividing maternal deaths in hospitals affiliated to the Unified Brazilian Health System (SUS) per live births (SINASC) in the same hospitals. Results: In 2019, we identified 2,497,957 obstetric admissions, 0.04% (946) with in-hospital mortality as outcome. The presence of three criteria identified 98% of obstetric hospitalizations and 83% of obstetric hospitalizations with death as outcome. The comparison of mortality ratios between SIH (45.5 MMR; 95%CI 42.7 - 48.5) and SIM (49.7 MMR; 95%CI 46.7 - 52.8) was not statistically significant (p-value: 0.053). Conclusion: The analysis of SIH was able to provide additional information for the monitoring and surveillance of maternal health in Brazil. Although there are differences between the mortality rates, the SIH, as a complementary information system to the SIM, may be valid in studies on maternal mortality and morbidity.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a study in tertiary dental care

Abstract The pandemic caused by coronavirus has resonated throughout different levels of health care in Brazil and, in this context, the present research aimed to evaluate this impact on tertiary dental care provided by the Unified Health System (SUS). Therefore, an ecological study was conducted with data obtained from the Hospital Information System processed by the Portal of the Department of Informatics of SUS. The sample consisted of patients of all sexes and age groups, whose Hospital Admission Authorizations (AIHs) were approved for dental tertiary care procedures from January 2015 to December 2020. Descriptive analyses and the ANOVA test with a significance level set at p < 0.05 were used. When the annual mean numbers of AIHs approved were evaluated, findings showed that on an average, the Southeast region authorized a higher number of procedures (p-value < 0.001), however, in the pandemic year (2020), a reduction of approximately 24.5% of these hospitalizations occurred throughout Brazil, with the Midwest being the region most affected (32.12%). A percentage increase occurred in the Surgical Treatment of Oral sinus/Oral nasal Fistula (16.1%), in addition to a significant decrease in performing procedures for Resection of Mouth Lesion (33.4%). In the pandemic year, there was a reduction of 14% in expenditures related to hospital services and 23.26% related to professional services. It was concluded that the data presented demonstrated a significant reduction in AIHs for tertiary dental care in the pandemic year.

A pandemia de covid-19 e a morbidade hospitalar por transtorno mental e comportamental no Brasil: uma análise de série temporal interrompida, janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2021 / La pandemia de covid-19 y la morbilidad hospitalaria por trastornos mentales y del comportamiento en Brasil: un análisis de series temporales interrompidas, de enero de 2008 a julio de 2021 / The covid-19 pandemic and hospital morbidity due to mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil: an interrupted time series analysis, from January 2008 to July 2021

Objective: to analyze records of hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders before and after the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, from January 2008 to July 2021. Methods: this was a descriptive ecological interrupted time series study, using secondary data retrieved from the Brazilian National Health System Hospital Information System; a time series analysis of hospitalizations was conducted based on a population-weighted Poisson regression model; relative risk (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Results: we identified 6,329,088 hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders; hospitalization rates showed an 8% decrease (RR = 0.92; 95%CI 0.91;0.92) after the start of the pandemic, compared to the pre-pandemic period. Conclusion: the pandemic changed the trend of hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil; the drop observed in the period is evidence that the pandemic affected the mental health care network.

Objetivo: analizar las hospitalizaciones por trastornos mentales y del comportamiento antes y después del inicio de la pandemia de covid-19 en Brasil, desde enero 2008 hasta julio 2021. Método: estudio ecológico descriptivo de series temporales interrumpidas, con datos registrados en el Sistema de Informações Hospitalares del Sistema Único de Saúde; se realizó un análisis de series temporales de hospitalizaciones basado en modelo de regresión de Poisson, ponderado por la población; calculado el riesgo relativo (RR), con intervalo de confianza del (IC95%). Resultados: se identificaron 6.329.088 hospitalizaciones por trastornos mentales y del comportamiento; las tasas de hospitalización mostraron disminución del 8% (RR = 0,92; IC95% 0,91;0,92) tras el inicio de la pandemia, en relación con el periodo prepandémico. Conclusión: la pandemia cambió la tendencia de hospitalizaciones por trastornos mentales y del comportamiento en Brasil; la caída observada en el período evidencia que la pandemia afectó la cadena asistencial estructurada para la salud mental.

Objetivo: analisar as internações por transtorno mental e comportamental, antes e após o início da pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil, de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2021. Métodos: estudo ecológico descritivo de série temporal interrompida, com dados registrados no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS); realizada análise da série temporal das internações baseada em um modelo de regressão de Poisson, ponderado pela população; calculado o risco relativo (RR), com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: foram identificadas 6.329.088 internações por transtornos mentais e comportamentais; as taxas de internação apresentaram um decréscimo de 8% (RR = 0,92; IC95% 0,91;0,92) após o início da pandemia, em relação ao período pré-pandemia. Conclusão: a pandemia modificou a tendência das internações por transtornos mentais e comportamentais no Brasil; a queda observada no período é evidência de que a pandemia afetou a cadeia de cuidado estruturada para saúde mental.

Acesso a serviços de atenção hospitalar no período neonatal: análise de redes de deslocamento entre municípios do Estado do Paraná, Brasil / Access to neonatal healthcare services: analysis of displacement networks between municipalities in the State of Paraná, Brazil / Acceso a los servicios de atención hospitalaria en el período neonatal: análisis de las redes de desplazamiento entre municipios del estado del Paraná, en Brasil

Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar internações de residentes no Paraná, Brasil, ocorridas no período neonatal em município diferente do de residência, entre 2008 e 2019, e descrever redes de deslocamento para o primeiro e o último biênio da série, correspondentes aos períodos anterior e posterior a iniciativas de regionalização dos serviços de saúde no estado. Dados sobre internações de crianças com idade entre 0 e 27 dias foram obtidos por meio do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH-SUS). Para cada biênio e regional de saúde, foram calculados a proporção de internações ocorridas fora do município de residência, a distância média ponderada pelo fluxo dos deslocamentos, bem como indicadores de saúde e de oferta de serviços. Modelos mistos foram ajustados para avaliar a tendência bianual dos indicadores e para verificar fatores associados à taxa de mortalidade neonatal (TMN). No total, 76.438 internações foram selecionadas, variando de 9.030, em 2008-2009, a 17.076, em 2018-2019. A comparação entre as redes obtidas para 2008-2009 e as existentes em 2018-2019 evidenciou aumento no número de destinos frequentes e na proporção de deslocamentos dentro da mesma regional de saúde. Observou-se tendência decrescente para a distância, para a proporção de nascidos vivos com Apgar no quinto minuto ≤ 7 e para a TMN. Na análise ajustada para a TMN, além do efeito de biênio (-0,64; IC95%: -0,95; -0,28), apenas a proporção de nascidos vivos com idade gestacional inferior a 28 semanas apresentou significância estatística (4,26; IC95%: 1,29; 7,06). A demanda por assistência hospitalar no período neonatal aumentou ao longo do período estudado. As redes de deslocamento sugerem impacto positivo da regionalização, embora o investimento em regiões com potencial para se tornarem polos assistenciais seja necessário.

Abstract: This study aimed to characterize hospitalizations of residents in Paraná State, Brazil, that occurred during the neonatal period in a municipality different from their place of residence from 2008 to 2019, and to describe displacement networks for the first and last biennium of the series, corresponding to periods before and after initiatives to regionalize health services in the state. Admissions of children aged from 0 to 27 days were obtained from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian National Unified Health System (SIH-SUS) database. For each biennium and health region, the proportion of admissions that occurred outside the municipality of residence, the weighted average distance traveled, and indicators of health and service provision were calculated. Mixed models were fitted to evaluate the biennial trend of the indicators and to investigate factors associated with the neonatal mortality rate (NMR). In total, 76,438 hospitalizations were selected, ranging from 9,030 in 2008-2009 to 17,076 in 2018-2019. The comparison of the networks obtained for 2008-2009 and 2018-2019 revealed an increase in the number of frequent destinations and in the proportion of displacements within the same health region. A decreasing trend was observed for distance, the proportion of live births with 5-minute Apgar ≤ 7, and for NMR. In the adjusted analysis for NMR, besides the biennial effect (-0.64; 95%CI: -0.95; -0.28), only the proportion of live birth with gestational age < 28 weeks showed statistical significance (4.26; 95%CI: 1.29; 7.06). The demand for neonatal hospital care increased over the study period. The displacement networks suggest a positive impact of regionalization, although investment in regions with the potential to become healthcare centers is necessary.

Resumen: El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar las hospitalizaciones de residentes en el Paraná, Brasil, ocurridas en el período neonatal en un municipio diferente al de su residencia entre el 2008 y el 2019, y describir las redes de desplazamiento para el primer y último bienio de la serie, correspondientes al período anterior y posterior a iniciativas de regionalización de servicios de salud en el Estado. Las hospitalizaciones de niños con edades entre 0 y 27 días se obtuvieron del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria del Sistema Único de Salud (SIH-SUS) y, para cada bienio y regional de salud, se calculó la proporción de ingresos hospitalarios que ocurrieron fuera del municipio de residencia, la distancia media calculada por el flujo de desplazamientos, así como indicadores de salud y de oferta de servicios. Se ajustaron modelos mixtos para evaluar la tendencia bianual de los indicadores y para verificar factores asociados a la tasa de mortalidad neonatal (TMN). En total, se seleccionaron 76.438 hospitalizaciones, que varían desde 9.030 en 2008-2009 a 17.076 en 2018-2019. La comparación de las redes obtenida para 2008-2009 y 2018-2019 mostró un aumento en el número de destinos frecuentes y en la proporción de desplazamientos dentro de la misma regional de salud. Se observó una tendencia decreciente para la distancia, la proporción de nacidos vivos con Apgar al 5º minuto ≤ 7 y para la TMN. En el análisis ajustado para la TMN, además del efecto de bienio (-0,64; IC95%: -0,95; -0,28), solo la proporción de nacidos vivos con edad gestacional < 28 semanas presentó significativa estadística (4,26; IC95%: 1,29; 7,06). La demanda de asistencia hospitalaria en el período neonatal aumentó a lo largo del período estudiado. Las redes de desplazamiento sugieren un impacto positivo de la regionalización, aunque es necesaria la inversión en regiones con potencial para convertirse en polos asistenciales.

Usability of Emergency Department Information System Based on Users' Viewpoint; a Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: The emergency department is of special importance due to its emergency and vital services, the high volume of referrals, and the patients' physical condition. Thus, it requires a well-designed information system with no usability problems. This study aimed to evaluate the usability of the emergency department information system from users' perspectives. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The research setting was the emergency department of 3 hospitals. The research instrument was a 37-item questionnaire adapted from the USE and ISO Metrics questionnaires, consisting of five dimensions measuring the usefulness of the system, ease of use, ease of learning, user satisfaction, and suitability for the task. The content validity of the questionnaire was examined using the content validity ratio and content validity index, and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.88). Results: Fifty questionnaires were administered in the three hospitals, and the response rate was 80%. According to the findings, 55% of the respondents were female. The highest mean scores belonged to usefulness in emergency department information system (EDIS) A, ease of use in EDIS B, ease of learning in EDIS A, user satisfaction in EDIS C, and suitability for the task in EDIS A. According to the usability evaluation criteria, ease of learning (3.66 ± 0.74), usefulness (3.53 ± 0.87), and suitability for the task (3.47 ± 0.96) received the highest scores, and the lowest scores belonged to user satisfaction (3.29 ± 1.01) and ease of use (3.12 ± 1.00). Conclusion: In terms of usability criteria, the emergency department information system is at a relatively good level. The usability of these systems can be further enhanced by considering the users' working needs, improving software flexibility, customizing the software, using data visualization tools, observing consistency of features and standards, and increasing the quality of information and system services.

Feasibility of a Hospital Information System for a Military Public Organization in the Light of the Multi-Criteria Analysis.

The healthcare environment presents a large volume of personal and sensitive patient data that needs to be available and secure. Information and communication technology brings a new reality to healthcare, promoting improvements, agility and integration. Regarding high-level and complex decision-making scenarios, the Brazilian Navy (BN), concerning its healthcare field, is seeking to provide better management of its respective processes in its hospital facilities, allowing accurate control of preventive and curative medicine to members who work or have served there in past years. The study addresses the understanding, structure and clarifying variables related to the feasibility of technological updating and installing of a Hospital Information System (HIS) for BN. In this scenario, through interviews and analysis of military organization business processes, criteria and alternatives were established based on multi-criteria methodology as a decision aid. As methodological support for research and data processing, THOR 2 and PROMETHEE-SAPEVO-M1 methods were approached, both based on the scenarios of outranking alternatives based on the preferences established by the stakeholders in the problem. As a result of the methodological implementation, we compare the two implemented methods in this context, exposing the Commercial Software Purchase and Adoption of Free Software, integrated into Customization by the Marine Studies Foundation, as favorable actions to be adopted concerning HIS feasibility. This finding generates a comprehensive discussion regarding the BN perspective and changes in internal development in the military environment, prospecting alignment to the culture of private organizations in Information Technology for healthcare management. In the end, we present some conclusions concerning the study, exploring the main points of the decision-making analysis and for future research.

Health Information Systems: Past, Present, Future - Revisited.

BACKGROUND: Health information systems (HIS) represent an essential part of the infrastructure for the delivery of good health care. OBJECTIVES: To present the author's personal views on HIS developments over the last decades and on the opportunities and priorities for future HIS developments. METHODS: Reflecting on his views, the author identified relevant semantic dimensions, which are denoted as development paths, and searched for appropriate periods to characterize HIS development leaps. RESULTS: HIS developments were divided into the periods past (1961-2016), present (2017-2022), and future (the next decades). Eight development paths for HIS were considered as being relevant to presenting the author's views: life situations related to health care, entities for health care, health care facilities, settings of health care, data to be processed, features for functions, architectures of HIS, and management of HIS. For each of these paths, the past and present states as well as challenges and opportunities for future HIS developments were outlined. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The presented views on HIS developments and the selected development paths and periods are by nature subjective 'avant la lettre'. The views were, however, formed over almost half a century during which the author has been engaged with HIS developments, and thus may be worth reporting and discussion. If past is prologue, the tremendous HIS developments in the past and in the present may predict a similar development intensity in the future. Present HIS are significantly better than HIS of the past, however they leave room for continued improvement with an end of HIS developments far from sight.

Type and Number of Errors of the Iranian Electronic Health Record (SEPAS) in Hospitals Affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

This study aims to identify the type and number of errors in the Iranian Electronic Health Record System (SEPAS) in hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS). A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to specify the errors done by SEPAS in the first half of 2019, based on the type and number of errors in 26 hospitals affiliated with MUMS that were connected to the SEPAS system. SEPAS system errors were classified into four categories: identity errors, clinical errors, administrative-financial and technical errors. The most important errors that occurred in the SEPAS system included non-authentication errors in Hospital Information System (HIS), non-service records, and invalid national code, respectively. Therefore, hospital administrators and information system developers must make an effort to prevent such errors.

A near real-time electronic health record-based COVID-19 surveillance system: An experience from a developing country.

CONTEXT: Access to real-time data that provide accurate and timely information about the status and extent of disease spread could assist management of the COVID-19 pandemic and inform decision-making. AIM: To demonstrate our experience with regard to implementation of technical and architectural infrastructure for a near real-time electronic health record-based surveillance system for COVID-19 in Iran. METHOD: This COVID-19 surveillance system was developed from hospital information and electronic health record (EHR) systems available in the study hospitals in conjunction with a set of open-source solutions; and designed to integrate data from multiple resources to provide near real-time access to COVID-19 patients' data, as well as a pool of health data for analytical and decision-making purposes. OUTCOMES: Using this surveillance system, we were able to monitor confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 in our population and to automatically notify stakeholders. Based on aggregated data collected, this surveillance system was able to facilitate many activities, such as resource allocation for hospitals, including managing bed allocations, providing and distributing equipment and funding, and setting up isolation centres. CONCLUSION: Electronic health record systems and an integrated data analytics infrastructure are effective tools to enable policymakers to make better decisions, and for epidemiologists to conduct improved analyses regarding COVID-19. IMPLICATIONS: Improved quality of clinical coding for better case finding, improved quality of health information in data sources, data-sharing agreements, and increased EHR coverage in the population can empower EHR-based COVID-19 surveillance systems.

Design and Implementation of a Unique Patient Identification Model in Information Systems in Burkina Faso.

The implementation of a reliable identity process is the basis of any secure patient information sharing system. Indeed, each individual is unique and should be identified by a unique number (identifier). It is with these issues in mind that we have designed and implemented a unique patient identification method adapted to the context of Burkina Faso. The recommended method is inspired by the French method based on the work of the Group for the Modernization of the Hospital Information System (GMSIH) [1]. The developed model allows to assign a "Unique Identifier" (PatientID) to each patient from his profile of identification features (name, date of birth, gender,…). The patient ID is a sequence of 20 characters plus a security "key" of 2 characters. A reliability test of the model has been performed to take into account identity anomalies (duplicate, collision).